Erd?s與合作者曾創(chuàng)始性地用概率揣度圖中結(jié)構(gòu)的呈現(xiàn)，

這一模型與Erd?s–Rényi模型 G(n,p) 有些類似，外星人侵略地球 。正是Ramsey理論的最早雛形。Erd?s提出的開始下界是經(jīng)過隨機(jī)染色Kn得到的 ：每條邊以概率p被染成赤色，

參考資料： 

https://gilkalai.wordpress.com/2025/07/23/amazing-jie-ma-wujie-shen-and-shengjie-xie-gave-an-exponential-improvement-for-ramsey-lower-bounds/ 

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.12926 

https://www.quantamagazine.org/after-nearly-a-century-a-new-limit-for-patterns-in-graphs-20230502/ 

https://www.quantamagazine.org/new-math-proof-raises-lower-bounds-of-graph-randomness-20201104/ 

https://cacm.acm.org/news/the-secret-of-ramsey-numbers/ 

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